RESUMEN El presente trabajo tiene la finalidad de dar a conocer el desarrollo de un prototipo de sensor para la medición de mercurio (Hg2+) en solución acuosa sobre una plataforma electroquímica basada en electrodos serigrafiados de nanotubos de carbonos (CNT-SPE) en conjunto con nanopartículas de oro (NPs-Au) realizadas a través de síntesis verde, utilizando extracto acuoso de Sargassum spp. Para esto, se realizó la caracterización de las NPs-Au por espectroscopía ultravioleta-visible (UV-Vis), infrarrojo (TF-IR), difracción de rayos X (DRX) y microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM); obteniendo nanopartículas entre 80-100 nm las cuales poseen un recubrimiento orgánico que les confiere una sinergia al momento de ser conjugadas con CNT-SPE oxidadas/activadas. Posteriormente, las NPs-Au se utilizaron para modificar el CNT-SPE a través del método drop-casting y así ensamblar un novedoso sensor electroquímico para la medición de Hg2+, cuya validación y habilidad para medir fue demostrada utilizando voltametría diferencial de pulso (DPV). Se obtuvieron límites de detección de 2.38 𝜇M y cuantificación de 3 𝜇M. Los resultados demuestran que la plataforma desarrollada es una alternativa, rápida, eficiente y portátil para la medición de Hg2+.

ABSTRACT The present manuscript’s objective is to develop a sensor prototype for measuring mercury (Hg2+) in an aqueous solution. An electrochemical platform based on screen-printed carbon nanotube electrodes (CNT-SPE) and gold nanoparticles (NPs-Au) synthesized using a green synthesis method with an aqueous extract of Sargassum spp. For this, the characterization of the NPs-Au was carried out by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), infrared (TF-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) spectroscopy. The nanoparticles have sizes between 80-100 nm and an organic coating that allows them a synergy when conjugated with oxidized/activated CNT-SPE. Subsequently, the NPs-Au were used to modify the CNT-SPE through the drop-casting method and thus assemble a novel electrochemical sensor for the measurement of Hg2+, whose validation and ability to measure was demonstrated using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Detection limits of 2.38 𝜇M and quantification of 3 𝜇M were obtained. The results show that the developed platform is a fast, efficient and portable alternative for the measurement of Hg2+.

Resumen Introducción: los lactantes que reciben lactancia materna completa (LMC) regulan su apetito de manera diferente a los que reciben sucedáneos de la leche humana (SLH). Además, la exposición temprana al colesterol en la leche humana conduciría a mejor regulación del colesterol en etapas posteriores de la vida. El propósito fue de comparar el perfil lípidos en lactantes de cuatro meses y correlacionarlo con indicadores antropométricos y hormonas reguladoras del apetito según el tipo de alimentación. Métodos: en un estudio transversal y correlacional se incluyeron 145 díadas madre-lactante según el tipo de alimentación; 64 recibieron LMC, 47 lactancia materna parcial (LMP) y 34 SLH. Se midió el perfil lipídico, grelina total, leptina, péptido YY y péptido tipo 1 similar al glucagón. Se obtuvieron puntajes Z para peso/edad, longitud/edad, peso/longitud, pliegue cutáneo tricipital y subescapular e índice de masa corporal para la edad. Resultados: hubo diferencias significativas en triglicéridos y colesterol LDL según el tipo de alimentación. En el grupo HMS se observó una relación inversa entre grelina y triglicéridos (p = 0,038), grelina y colesterol total (TC) (p = 0,026), y péptido YY y colesterol HDL (p = 0,017). En el grupo PBF hubo relación directa entre longitud/edad (z) y triglicéridos (p = 0,001) y entre pliegues subescapulares y CT (p = 0,049). En los lactantes que recibieron HMS, se observó una correlación directa entre peso/edad (z) y CT (p = 0,045) y entre longitud/edad (z) y colesterol LDL (p = 0,010). Conclusión: los hallazgos muestran una relación entre perfil lipídico, crecimiento, reserva energética y modulación de las hormonas reguladoras del apetito según el tipo de alimentación.

Abstract Background: infants receiving full breastfeeding (FBF) regulate their appetites differently from those receiving human milk substitutes (HMS). In addition, early exposure to the dietary cholesterol in human milk could lead to better cholesterol regulation in later stages of life. Therefore, the purpose was to compare lipid profiles in 4-month-old infants and to correlate lipid profile with anthropometric indicators and appetite-regulating hormones according to the type of feeding. Methods: this was a cross-sectional and correlational study, which included 145 mother-infant dyads according to the type of feeding; 64 received FBF, 47 partial breastfeeding (PBF), and 34 HMS. The complete lipid profile, total ghrelin, leptin, peptide YY, and glucagon-like peptide type 1 were measured. Z-scores for weight/age, length/age, weight/length, triceps (TSF) and subscapular folds (SSF) and body mass index for age were also obtained. Results: there were significant differences in triglycerides and LDL cholesterol according to the type of feeding. In the HMS group, an inverse relationship was observed between ghrelin and triglycerides (p = 0.038), ghrelin and total cholesterol (TC) (p = 0.026), and peptide YY and HDL cholesterol (p = 0.017). In the PBF group, a direct relationship was observed between length/age (z) and triglycerides (p = 0.001) and between subscapular folds and TC (p = 0.049). In infants receiving HMS, a direct correlation was observed between weight/age (z) and TC (p = 0.045) and beFfigtween length/age (z) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.010). Conclusion: these findings show a relationship between growth, energy reserve, lipid profile, and modulation of appetite-regulating hormones according to the type of feeding they received.

Resumen El suero bovino fetal (FBS por sus siglas en inglés) es el suplemento más utilizado para el cultivo celular, ya que su compleja composición aporta los nutrientes necesarios para el crecimiento de la mayoría de las células. Es un subproducto de la industria cárnica, y su disponibilidad y producción dependen principalmente de dos factores externos incontrolables: las condiciones climáticas y los cambios en el consumo de carne vacuna. Se hizo una caracterización de un FBS que se obtuvo de la industria cárnica para su uso en el cultivo celular. Se realizaron pruebas de proteínas totales, osmolaridad, presencia o ausencia de agentes biológicos patógenos, pH, concentración de ADN, contaminantes biológicos, resultados negativos y viabilidad celular, siguiendo los estrictos lineamientos de calidad de la International Serum Industry Association (ISIA). Se compararon el FBS y el plasma derivados de la sangre de la industria cárnica con un FBS comercial. Se observaron diferencias entre los FBS en cuanto a las concentraciones de ADN y de proteína total, pero no para la osmolaridad y el pH. A pesar de las diferencias, la prueba de viabilidad no arrojó complicación para el crecimiento celular con cualquier de los sueros y el plasma. El suero obtenido de la industria cárnica podría mantener cultivos celulares y permitir la proliferación celular de manera indistinta del suero comercial. Además, si no se dispone de FBS, el plasma puede funcionar como sustituto para el mantenimiento de los cultivos celulares.

Abstract The present work aims to characterize a fetal bovine serum (FBS) obtained from the meat industry for use in cell culture. FBS is the most widely used supplement for cell culture since its complex composition provides the necessary nutrients for the growth of most cells. It is a by-product of the meat industry, and its availability and production depend mainly on two uncontrollable external factors, climatic conditions and changes in beef consumption. According to the strict quality features of the International Serum Industry Association (ISIA), tests for total proteins, osmolarity, presence or absence of pathogenic biological agents, pH, DNA concentration, biological contaminants, negative results, and cell viability were performed. The characterization of the serum in the DNA and total protein concentration tests showed significant differences. Additionally, osmolarity and pH did not present significant differences between groups. Regarding the viability test, no complication for cell growth was observed despite the differences found in the characterization. The results showed that the serum obtained from the meat industry could maintain cell cultures and allow cell proliferation compared to commercial serum. Furthermore, if FBS is not available, some kinds of plasma can be used as a surrogate to maintain cell cultures.

Abstract Introduction: the nutritional intervention has become a critical point to achieve the reduction of perioperative morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. There are different factors that will play a fundamental role in the evolution and prognosis of this pathology, being the state of nutrition and diet a cornerstone in these aspects. Objective: to evaluate the perioperative effect of whey protein isolate (WPI) and calcium caseinate (CaCNT) in cancer patients undergoing elective surgery. Methods: randomized controlled clinical trial with three groups: the control group (n = 15), consisting in conventional management by the oncology surgery services, and two intervention groups, one with calcium caseinate supplementation (n = 15) and another one with whey protein isolate supplementation (n = 15) for six weeks perioperatively. Handgrip strength, six-minute walk, and body composition were assessed pre and postoperatively. Results: those who were supplemented with WPI maintained their handgrip strength and showed less extracellular water (p < 0.02); also an increase in visceral mass was shown (p < 0.02). Finally, a correlation was found with variables associated with body composition and patient evolution when compared to the control group. Conclusions: nutritional supplementation needs to be approached from the functional and metabolic point of view to identify factors that have a favorable impact, as well as the distinction between carcinoma and the type of supplementation to be implemented.

Resumen Introducción: la intervención nutricia se ha convertido en un punto crítico para lograr la disminución de la morbimortalidad perioperatoria en el paciente oncológico. Existen distintos factores que jugarán un papel fundamental en la evolución y el pronóstico de esta patología, siendo el estado de nutrición y la dieta una piedra angular en estos aspectos. Objetivos: evaluar el efecto perioperatorio de la proteína aislada de suero de leche (WPI) y el caseinato de calcio (CaCNT) en pacientes oncológicos sometidos a cirugía electiva. Métodos: ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado con tres grupos: grupo control (n = 15), que consistió en manejo convencional por parte de los servicios de cirugía oncológica, y dos grupos de intervención, uno con suplementación de caseinato de calcio (n = 15) y otro con suplementación con proteína aislada de suero de leche (n = 15) durante seis semanas de forma perioperatoria. Se evaluaron en tiempos preoperatorio y postoperatorio la fuerza de prensión de mano, la caminata de seis minutos y la composición corporal. Resultados: aquellos que fueron suplementados con WPI mantuvieron la fuerza de prensión y mostraron menor cantidad de agua extracelular (p < 0,02); se mostró un incremento en la masa visceral (p < 0,02). Finalmente, se encontró correlación con variables asociadas a la composición corporal y variables de evolución del paciente en comparación con el grupo control. Conclusiones: la suplementación nutricional requiere ser abordada desde el punto de vista funcional y metabólico para identificar factores que impacten favorablemente, así como la distinción entre carcinoma y el tipo de suplementación a implementar.

The religious system intersects within the health system. Religious practices seek the intervention of divine actors through practices, prayers, rites and rituals. In turn, magical practices are described as everyday symbolic precepts to which power is attributed to achieve technical and utilitarian ends without the intervention of a sacred rank or being. We sought to characterize the ideal type of magical-religious practices carried out by mothers of patients with chronic diseases, cared for in a tertiary care hospital. In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 mothers of children with various chronic illnesses. In all of them, they used the magico-religious practices as emotional self-care when facing loneliness and crises in their environment, in order to feel tranquility and peace in search of well-being of them and their children. Because of the widespread use of magico-religious practices, it is necessary to understand how they go through the health-disease process to balance the tension between the biomedical and the religious-spiritual in the search for social and spiritual wellbeing of chronically ill children.

Dentro de la atención para la salud, se interseca el sistema religioso. Las prácticas religiosas buscan una intervención de actores divinos por medio de prácticas, rezos, ritos y rituales. A su vez, las prácticas mágicas se describen como preceptos simbólicos cotidianos a los que se les atribuye poder para conseguir multas técnicas y utilitarios sin intervención de un rango o ser sagrado. Se buscó caracterizar el tipo ideal de las prácticas mágico-religiosas realizadas por madres de pacientes con enfermedades crónicas, atendidos en un hospital de tercer nivel de atención. Se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad en 12 madres con hijos con diversas enfermedades crónicas.En todas ellas, se destaca el uso de las prácticas mágico-religiosas como auto-cuidado emocional al afrontar la soledad y las crisis de su entorno, con el fin de sentir tranquilidad y paz en busca de este bienestar de ellas y de sus hijos. Por el uso extendido de las prácticas mágico-religiosas es necesario comprender cómo intersecan el proceso de salud-enfermedad, en donde el personal para la salud busque equilibrar la tensión entre el componente biológico de la enfermedad y el aspecto religioso-espiritual, en la búsqueda de bienestar social y espiritual del vínculo madre-hijo.

Abstract Objectives: Description of the activity and characteristics of the patients coming from Santa Coloma de Gramenet with ulcers of the lower extremity, visited during 2019 in the Chronic Wounds Clinic of the Hospital Espèrit Sant Foundation. Methodology: A descriptive retrospective study of patients from Santa Coloma with Ulcers of the lower extremity (UEI), who attended the clinic of chronic wounds. Results: 100 patients were treated, with a total of 724 visits. Average age of 74.1 ± 13.2 years, 39% women. The etiology of UEI was presented in the following proportions: diabetic-ischemic 36%, venous ulcers 28%, arterial lesions 22%, diabetic foot and calciphylaxis lesions 6%, Martorell ulcers 4% and neoplastic lesions 1%. Most of the patients presented pluri-pathologies with the average of 4 pathologies and risk factors. 82% of the visits were successive visits with an overall average of 7.24 visits per patient. The lesions that required the highest number of visits were diabetic-ischemic lesions with an average of 9.1. 53% of the first visits came from the emergency department. 61% of the patients came to the clinic mobilized in a wheelchair and 40% had been transferred by ambulance. Conclusions: The work supported to reaffirm the workloads and has evidenced a lack of useful records that help both at the level of care and for possible future research.

Resumen Objetivos: Describir la actividad y características de los pacientes de Santa Coloma de Gramenet con úlceras de la extremidad inferior visitados durante 2019 en la consulta de heridas crónicas de la Fundación Hospital Espèrit Sant. Metodología: Se presenta un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo de los pacientes de Santa Coloma con úlceras de la extremidad inferior, que acudieron a la consulta de heridas crónicas. Resultados: Se atendieron a 100 pacientes, con un total de 724 visitas. Edad media 74,1 ± 13,2 años, el 39% mujeres. La etiología de las úlceras de la extremidad inferior se presentaba en las siguientes proporciones: diabéticas isquémicas un 36%, úlceras venosas un 28%, lesiones arteriales un 22%, pie diabético y lesiones por calcifilaxis un 6%, úlceras de Martorell un 4% y lesiones neoplásicas un 1%. La mayoría de los pacientes presentó pluripatologías, con un promedio de 4 patologías y factores de riesgo. El 82% de las visitas fueron visitas sucesivas, con un promedio de 7,24 visitas por paciente. Las lesiones que requirieron mayor número de visitas fueron las lesiones diabéticas isquémicas, con un 9,1 de promedio. El 53% de las primeras visitas procedía del servicio de urgencias. El 61% de los pacientes acudió a la consulta movilizado en silla de ruedas y el 40% se había trasladado en ambulancia. Conclusiones: El trabajo ha ayudado a reafirmar las cargas de trabajo y ha evidenciado una falta de registros útiles que ayuden tanto a nivel asistencial como para posibles futuras investigaciones.

Abstract Society is undergoing unprecedented transformations caused by big economic, political, technological, social and mostly demographic changes. In this line, the role and weight of older adults turns more important due to the modifications such transformation will bring about in their characteristics, needs, expectations and goals as regards their personal, economic, political, technological and social aspects. This situation has given rise to the concept of Silver Economy, which broadly speaking represents that part of the economy related to the demographic change caused by aging population, including all those economic activities, products and services intended to meet the needs of older adults. Its being a growing field of knowledge makes it complex to identify the driving forces and agents that boost its development and therefore to promote and consolidate this new concept. In accordance with this opportunity, this piece of research maps the main research themes available in literature, making use of SciMAT-based smart bibliometric tools and techniques. In addition to other actions, this research makes it possible to identify the main themes, who the relevant agents are, the pioneering countries in this field, and the more productive organizations and sources. To this end, the Scopus database has been used as main source, bearing in mind that it concentrates 281 publications from 1979 to 2022 related to older adults and their role in economic, political, technological and social development, which has resulted a detailed frame of reference on Silver Economy.

Resumo A sociedade está passando por transformações sem precedentes causadas por grandes mudanças econômicas, políticas, tecnológicas, sociais e principalmente demográficas. Nesta linha, o papel e o peso dos adultos mais velhos torna-se mais importante devido às modificações que tal transformação trará em suas características, necessidades, expectativas e objetivos no que diz respeito a seus aspectos pessoais, econômicos, políticos, tecnológicos e sociais. Esta situação deu origem ao conceito de Economia da Prata, que representa, de modo geral, a parte da economia relacionada à mudança demográfica causada pelo envelhecimento da população, incluindo todas aquelas atividades econômicas, produtos e serviços destinados a atender as necessidades de adultos idosos. Por ser um campo de conhecimento crescente, torna-se complexo identificar as forças motrizes e agentes que impulsionam seu desenvolvimento e, portanto, promover e consolidar este novo conceito. De acordo com esta oportunidade, este trabalho de pesquisa mapeia os principais temas de pesquisa disponíveis na literatura, fazendo uso de ferramentas e técnicas bibliométricas inteligentes baseadas no SciMAT. Esta pesquisa permite também, identificar os principais temas, quem são os agentes relevantes, os países pioneiros neste campo, assim como as organizações e fontes mais produtivas. Para isso, utilizamos o banco de dados Scopus que concentra 281 publicações de 1979 a 2022 relacionadas aos adultos mais velhos e seu papel no desenvolvimento econômico, político, tecnológico e social, o que resultou em um quadro detalhado de referência sobre a Economia da Prata.

ABSTRACT The genus Bartonella encompasses 38 validated species of Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria that colonize the endothelial cells and erythrocytes of a wide spectrum of mammals. To date, 12 Bartonella species have been recorded infecting humans, causing diseases of long historical characterization, such as cat scratch fever and trench fever, and emerging bartonellosis that mainly affect animal health professionals. For this reason, this study aimed to report a documented case of Bartonella bovis infecting a veterinarian from Mexico by the amplification, sequencing and phylogenetic reconstruction of the citrate synthase (gltA) and the RNA polymerase beta-subunit (rpoB) genes, and to report the natural course of this infection. To our knowledge, this work is the first to report the transmission of B. bovis via needlestick transmission to animal health workers in Latin America.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Los usuarios de inhalantes pueden contraer leucoencefalopatía por tolueno, un trastorno neuropsiquiátrico devastador. Se presenta un caso de daño inducido por tolueno en el tracto corticoespinal y corticonuclear, que se manifestó con un trastorno involuntario de la expresión emocional. Métodos: Un varón de 20 años con antecedente de 3 años de abuso de solventes ingresó en la Unidad de Neuropsiquiatría del Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía porque «no podía hablar ni caminar» y presentaba episodios súbitos de risa y llanto sin razón aparente. Resultados: La valoración neuropsiquiátrica reveló risa y llanto patológicos, apraxia facial y fonatoria, síndrome piramidal bilateral y ausencia de control del esfínter urinario. La resonancia magnética cerebral mostró un daño bilateral muy selectivo del sistema piramidal y la vía somatosensorial. La imagen de tomografía computarizada por emisión monofotónica mostró hipoperfusión frontoparietal izquierda. Conclusiones: Este documento proporciona apoyo para la comprensión de los trastornos de la expresión emocional involuntaria como diagnóstico diferencial en la práctica clínica de los psiquiatras, así como de la anatomía funcional de estas condiciones.

ABSTRACT Objective: Inhalant users may develop toluene leukoencephalopathy, a devastating neuropsychiatric disorder. We present a case of toluene-induced damage to the corticospinal and the corticonuclear tracts, which presented with involuntary emotional expression dis-order. Methods: Case study of a 20-year-old man with a 3-year history of frequent solvent abuse was admitted to the Neuropsychiatry Unit of the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery because "he could not speak or walk" but would keep "laughing and crying without reason". Results: Neuropsychiatric examination revealed pathological laughter and crying, facial and speech apraxia, a bilateral pyramidal syndrome, and lack of control of urinary sphincter. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a highly selective bilateral damage to the pyramidal system and the somatosensory pathway. SPECT imaging showed left fronto-parietal hypoperfusion. Conclusions: This document provides support for the understanding of involuntary emotional expression disorders as a differential diagnosis in the clinical practice of psychiatrists, as well as the functional anatomy of these conditions.

Abstract Introduction Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a common complication of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT), characterized by irritative symptoms of the urinary tract and a higher morbidity and mortality rate. The worldwide incidence is reported between 10% and 70%. The use of alkylating agents and BK viral infection are the most frequent etiologies. The aim of this study was to report the HC incidence in an outpatient haplo-HCST program with a reduced intensity-conditioning (RIC) regimen, cataloguing risk factors, complications and final outcomes. Methods The medical database of patients who received a haplo-HSCT between January 2012 and November 2017 was retrospectively analyzed. Demographic variables, general characteristics and HC incidence were included. Results One hundred and eleven patients were included, 30 (27%) of whom developed HC, most of them (70%) being grade II, with a 30-day (7-149) median time of post-transplant HC onset. The BK virus was detected in 71% of the urine samples analyzed. All HC patients responded to treatment, except two (6.6%), who died due to HC complications. Conclusions There was no difference in the HC incidence or severity, compared to that reported when performing haplo-HSCT in hospitalized patients, although the donor-recipient sex mismatch did relate to a higher HC incidence.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To compare the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio and erythrocyte width distribution, of women with preeclampsia with or without severity criteria and those of women without. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective case-control study in 70 women with preeclampsia and 70 with normal pregnancy between January and December 2019. RESULTS: Seventy women with preeclampsia and 70 with pregnancy without this complication were studied. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio was significantly higher in women with preeclampsia (4.11 ± 2.76; 95%CI: 3.47-4.75), than in women with normal pregnancies (2.99 ± 1.6; 95%CI: 2.62-3.36; p = 0.004); which is similar for the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (117.61 ± 47.53, 95%CI: 106.48-128.24 vs 97.64 ± 43.67; 95%CI: 87.41-107.87; p = 0.006) and for the distribution of the width of the erythrocyte; (14.46 ± 1.9, CI95%: 14.02-14.9 vs 13.56 ± 1.38; CI95%: 13-13.72; p = 0.0002). None of these parameters was able to discriminate between patients with preeclampsia with or without severity criteria. A neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio ≥ 5.1 discriminates between women with a normal pregnancy and those with preeclampsia with or without severity criteria [area under the curve of 0.746, (95%CI: 0.664-0.827)], sensitivity 42%, specificity 91%, positive predictive value 82%, negative predictive value 60% and Odds Ratio 7.1 (95%CI: 2.7-18.6, p = 0.001). The platelet-lymphocyte ratio ≥ 113.4 can discriminate between women with a normal pregnancy and preeclampsia with or without severity criteria, with an area under the curve of 0.617 (95% CI 0.525-0.709). CONCLUSION: A neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio ≥ 5.1, and a platelet-lymphocyte ratio ≥ 113.1 are able to adequately discriminate between patients with normal pregnancy and those with preeclampsia with or without severity criteria.

Resumen OBJETIVO: Comparar el índice neutrófilo-linfocito, la relación plaquetas-linfocito y la distribución de la anchura del eritrocito de mujeres con preeclampsia con o sin criterios de severidad y los de mujeres sin ésta. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, de casos y controles, efectuado en mujeres con y sin preeclampsia atendidas entre enero y diciembre de 2019. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 70 mujeres con preeclampsia y 70 con embarazo sin esta complicación. El índice neutrófilo-linfocito fue significativamente mayor en las mujeres con preeclampsia (4.11 ± 2.76; IC95%: 3.47-4.75) que en las mujeres sin esta complicación (2.99 ± 1.6; IC95%: 2.62-3.36; p = 0.004), similar a la relación plaquetas-linfocitos (117.61 ± 47.53; IC95%:106.48-128.24 vs 97.64 ± 43.67; IC95%: 87.41-107.87; p = 0.006) y para la distribución de la anchura del eritrocito (14.46 ± 1.9; IC95%: 14.02-14.9 vs 13.56 ± 1.38; IC95%: 13-13.72; p = 0.0002). Ninguno de estos parámetros logró discriminar entre las pacientes con preeclampsia con o sin criterios de severidad. CONCLUSIÓN: Un índice neutrófilo-linfocito ≥ 5.1 y una relación plaquetas-linfocito ≥ 113.1 son capaces de discriminar de manera adecuada entre preeclampsia con o sin criterios de severidad.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To identify the associated factors that condition perinatal complications in pregnant adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective, case series study conducted in pregnant adolescents attended at the Hospital General de la Zona 6, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, between March 2020 and March 2021. Perinatal complications were evaluated and classified as: maternal during pregnancy, labor and puerperium. And perinatal complications in the neonate. Obstetric history (pregnancies, deliveries, cesarean sections, abortions and complications) was also taken into account. The test of 2 was used and logistic regression was performed for statistically significant variables. RESULTS: A total of 287 clinical records were evaluated and a statistically significant association was found between perinatal complications and pregnancies without prenatal control. 49.8% of the adolescents had perinatal complications during pregnancy, 24.4% in labor, and 0.3% in the puerperium, while 25.4% experienced no complications. CONCLUSIONS: It is evident that the total or partial lack of prenatal control, together with the fact of being multigestational, single, consuming alcohol, living with parents and being in early adolescence were risk factors for perinatal complications in pregnancy. At this stage of life, pregnancy is associated with various sociodemographic factors that favor perinatal complications.

Resumen OBJETIVO: Identificar los factores asociados que condicionan complicaciones perinatales en las adolescentes embarazadas. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de serie de casos, retrospectivo, efectuado en adolescentes embarazadas atendidas en el Hospital General de la Zona 6, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, entre marzo de 2020 y marzo de 2021. Se evaluaron las complicaciones perinatales que se clasificaron en: maternas durante el embarazo, trabajo de parto y puerperio. Y perinatales en el neonato. También se tomaron en cuenta los antecedentes obstétricos (embarazos, partos, cesáreas, abortos y complicaciones). Se utilizó la prueba de χ2 y en las variables estadísticamente significativas se llevó a cabo regresión logística. RESULTADOS: Se evaluaron 287 expedientes clínicos y se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre las complicaciones perinatales y los embarazos sin control prenatal. El 49.8% de las adolescentes tuvieron complicaciones perinatales durante el embarazo, 24.4% en el trabajo de parto y el 0.3% en el puerperio, mientras que el 25.4% no experimentó complicaciones. CONCLUSIONES: Es evidente que la falta total o parcial de control prenatal, aunada al hecho de ser multigesta, soltera, consumir alcohol, vivir con los padres y encontrarse en la adolescencia temprana fueron factores de riesgo de complicaciones perinatales en el embarazo. En esta etapa de la vida el embarazo se asocia con diversos factores sociodemográficos que favorecen las complicaciones perinatales.

Resumo A bioeletrorremediação (BER) usa corrente elétrica para estimular o catabolismo de poluentes ambientais, como derramamentos de petróleo. No entanto, a aplicação de corrente ao solo pode ter efeitos adversos sobre os microrganismos envolvidos na degradação do petróleo. Identificamos e avaliamos as capacidades de BER de uma cepa de Aspergillus niger obtida de solo contaminado com petróleo. Os esporos desta cepa foram imobilizados em esferas de alginato (2 g) foram misturados com 100 g de solo franco-arenoso contaminado com hexadecano e expostos a 5, 10 ou 15 mA de corrente contínua em uma célula de 200 cm3 com eletrodos de cobre. A concentração de hexadecano no solo foi medida por cromatografia gasosa. Mais de 94% do hexadecano foi removido do solo em 12 dias para as correntes testadas, e o A. niger cresceu para 6 x 106 UFC g-1 em 15 dias na corrente de 10 mA. A degradação máxima do hexadecano foi alcançada usando uma corrente de 10 mA por 20 dias, mas mais de 99% do hexadecano foi removido no quinto dia. Esses resultados sugerem que o uso de grânulos de alginato contendo esporos promove o crescimento e a biodegradação do petróleo de A. niger exposto a correntes elétricas.

Abstract Bioelectroremediation (BER) uses electrical current to stimulate catabolism of environmental pollutants, such as petroleum spills. However, applying current to soil may have adverse effects on the microorganisms involved in petroleum degradation. We identify and evaluate the BER capabilities of a strain of Aspergillus niger obtained from petroleum-contaminated soil. Spores of this strain immobilized in alginate spheres (2 g) were mixed with 100 g of hexadecane-contaminated sandy loam soil and exposed to 5, 10, or 15 mA direct current in a 200 cm3 cell with copper electrodes. Soil hexadecane concentration was measured by gas chromatography. More than 94% of hexadecane was removed from the soil within 12 days for the currents tested, and the A. niger grew to 6 x106 CFU g-1 in 15 days at 10 mA current. The maximum hexadecane degradation was achieved using a 10-mA current for 20 days, but more than 99% of the hexadecane was removed by the fifth day. These results suggest that the use of spore-containing alginate beads promotes growth and petroleum biodegradation of A. niger exposed to electrical currents.

Abstract Significant opportunities exist in the use of seafood by-products to create new beneficial products. Moreover, cephalopod skin is a good source of bioactive compounds. The present study compares the chemical structure properties and antioxidant activity of pigments extracted from the skin of Octopus vulgaris (OVS) and Dosidicus gigas (DGS) with methanol-HCl (T1) and ethanol-HCl (T2). The solubility and spectroscopic analysis (UV-Vis and 1H NMR) indicated that extracted pigments belonged to the ommochrome family. Xanthommatin, dihydroxanthommatin, and kynurenine compounds were identified in the extracts using correlated homonuclear spectroscopy (COSY). The results showed that OVS yielded a higher recovery rate of pigments with antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) than DGS in both solvents. T1 extracted the highest level of antioxidant pigments. The kynurenine proportion and proton peaks observed at 3.0-5.0 ppm (amino-aromatics) in the 1H NMR spectra may explain the differences in antioxidant activity of OVS and DGS.

Abstract In this work, an innovative strategy for raw chicken burger preservation, based on methanol–HCl extracts of octopus (Octopus vulgaris) (OVE) and squid (Dosidicus gigas) (DGE) skin pigments, was evaluated at 4 °C for 12 days. Burgers were prepared and divided into six groups: the control without any extract (CON), the control with 0.03% α-tocopherol (CET), and those containing 0.05% (OVE1, DGE1) and 0.1% (OVE2, DGE2) octopus and squid pigment extract, respectively. OVE yielded a higher rate of pigments with antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and ORAC) than DGE. The highest antimutagenic activity was detected in DGE according to the Ames’ Salmonella test. OVE1 and DGE1 burgers maintained lower pH values and were less sensitive to lipid oxidation (peroxide, anisidine, and total oxidation values). Evaluation of microbial growth by total bacterial count, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae spp., and fungi showed that OVE1 and DGE1 delayed bacterial contamination. The overall sensory quality was maintained for longer in the OVE- and DGE-supplemented chicken burgers than CON burgers. This study showed that OVE and DGE have potential as antioxidant and antimicrobial additives in chicken products.